Eviews 10 atan series#
As our example shows, XPUT also supports grouping mul- tiple series objects into a single R time series or R ame object. Depending on the EViews object type, an appropriate R object will be created when the data is sent. Now that we have an open connection to R, we can send EViews object(s) to R using the XPUT command: XPUT(rtype=ame, name=vars) y x1 x2īasic EViews object types such as series, alphas, matrices, vectors, and scalars can be pushed successfully to R. Now that we have an open connection to R, we can use the other 'X' methods to perform some actions. This log window will show any R commands we run and any output generated by R. This will begin a new session of R and, by default, an associated RConn Output log window should appear. Otherwise, an R ame structure will be created instead.Īll external program interface methods must begin with a call to XOPEN: XOPEN( type =r) If you select "ts (time series)", series objects that have a compatible R ts frequency will be pushed as R ts objects. Optionally, you can also select your Save Series as preference when pushing EViews series objects into R. "R-3.2.3") under the parent R folder as your home directory. Select the version-specific R folder (e.g. Next, if Home Path is blank, click the button and navigate to your local R installation. Lens hoods are more prominent in long focus lenses because they have a smaller viewing angle than that of wide-angle lenses.In COM ProgID group, make sure that EViewsRConn.VariantRConn is selected for R. This allows the lens hood to block stray light with the higher portions of the lens hood, while allowing more light into the corners of the image through the lowered portions of the hood. The geometry of the lens hood can vary from a plain cylindrical or conical section to a more complex shape, sometimes called a petal, tulip, or flower hood. This stray light often comes from very bright light sources, such as the sun, bright studio lights, or a bright white background. Flare occurs when stray light strikes the front element of a lens and then bounces around within the lens. It is difficult to predict such effect, but usually it occurs when the highlights are small enough and far enough out of focus.Ī lens hood or lens shade is a device used on the end of a lens to block the sun or other light source in order to prevent glare and lens flare. This effect usually appears as "onion-like" texture of concentric rings or "wooly-like" texture and is caused by very slight defects in the surface of aspherical element. Use of aspherical elements has its downsides: it leads to non-uniform rendering of out-of-focus highlights. Aspherical element can substitute one or several regular spherical elements to achieve similar or better optical results, which allows to develop more compact and lightweight lenses. The effect of the aspherical element is determined by its position within the optical formula: the more the aspherical element moves away from the aperture stop, the more it influences distortion close to the aperture stop it can be particularly used to correct spherical aberration. Sigma 28-80mm F/3.5-5.6 Aspherical Macro ⌀55Īspherical elements (ASPH, XA, XGM) are used in wide-angle lenses for correction of distortion and in large-aperture lenses for correction of spherical aberration, astigmatism and coma, thus ensuring excellent sharpness and contrast even at fully open aperture.Cosina AF 28-80mm F/3.5-5.6 MC (Exakta, Soligor, Tokina EMZ, Vitacon, Vivitar) ⌀58.*) Source of data: Manufacturer's technical data.Ĭosina AF 28-80mm F/3.5-5.6 MC (Exakta, Soligor, Tokina EMZ, Vitacon, Vivitar) ⌀58Ĭosina AF 28-80mm F/3.5-5.6 MC Macro (Phoenix, Tokina EMZ, Vivitar, Voigtlander) ⌀58 None focusing mode is set from the camera (Nikon F, Pentax K, Minolta/Sony A) In-camera motor (Nikon F, Pentax K, Minolta/Sony A)
Eviews 10 atan full#
SIGMA ZOOM 28-80mm 1:3.5-5.6 MACRO HF ASPHERICALħ5.4° 28mm - 30.3° 80mm (35mm full frame)ĥ3.6° 28mm - 20° 80mm (Minolta/Sony A APS-C)Ĥ7.9° 28mm - 17.7° 80mm (Sigma SA APS-C)Įlectromagnetic (Canon EF, Minolta/Sony A, Sigma SA)ġ:5.4 80mm at the closest focusing distance